Copper Alloy Ecclesiastical Seal Matrix
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Item: Seal Matrix
Make: Great Britain
Age: Unknown (Possibly Medieval or Post-Medieval)
Construction: Copper Alloy, Lead
Dimensions: 2 9/16" Diameter x 5mm Thick
Condition: Very good. Please see photos.
Details: Round matrix incised or impressed with a low-relief image in the center of what appears to be a pope or cardinal sitting on a throne flanked by two coats of arms. He holds in one hand a cross-topped staff. The other hand is raised, two fingers extended as though in a gesture of benediction. A crescent moon hangs above this hand. A Latin inscription follows the outer edge, probably identifying the religious organization. The face of the matrix is an aged copper color with brighter metal at some points. The reverse appears to be lead. This matrix appears to be newer than the others we have, the lead backing on this matrix has a smooth, almost machined texture.
These seal matrices were used in the Middle Ages and later to impress sealing wax on letters, documents and packages. They were used by a variety of social levels, such as religious organizations, royal or noble households, farmers, and often women, to authenticate business documents and correspondence, or just to seal a document or package closed. Each matrix was unique, identifying its user, much like a signature. They came in various shapes and sizes, by everyone from goldsmiths to tinsmiths, and were manufactured by engraving. The term 'matrix' is derived from the Latin word 'mater', or mother, as the matrix would produce many seals during its use.